Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Simarouba glauca leaf extract, characterization and screening for their biological applications

Abstract

The biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plants has received a lot of attention because of their ability to decrease metallic ions by using the phytochemicals in them. The current study emphasizes the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) with Simarouba glauca leaf extract. The synthesis of CuO NPs was characterized using UV-vis spectrophotometry, FTIR indicated the presence of different metabolites involved in the formation of nanoparticles, XRD showed the crystalline nature, SEM images indicated the rod shaped CuO NPs with the average size from 190 to 265 nm, EDS and mapping analysis showed the formation of CuO NPs with purity, and TEM analysis indicated the agglomerated and rod shaped CuO NPs. The average size of the nanoparticle was found to be 85 nm with zeta potential of −5.2 mV. TGA and DSC were performed to know the stability of the nanoparticle. Further, CuO NPs were assessed for their applications like antioxidant, antimicrobial properties. The anti-angiogenic, in vitro cell viability assay was performed using NPs against HCT-116, IC₅₀ value to be 17.48 ± 0.6 µg/mL and HeLa cell lines, IC₅₀ values to be 20.21 ± 0.33 µg/mL. The anti-ROS properties for both cell lines were assessed using histogram.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• Copper oxide nanoparticle
• Simarouba glauca
• antioxidant activity
• anti-angiogenic
• anti-cancerous

Acknowledgments

Authors would like to express their thanks to the University Scientific and Instrumentation Center (USIC), Karnatak University, Dharwad, India, for providing instrumentation facility utilized in characterizations of nanoparticles.

Disclosure statement

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article.

Additional information

Funding

Authors would like to express their thanks to UGC for their financial support for Anjana Thatesh Gaddigal under NFST scheme [202122-NFST-KAR-01972] dated:14/10/2022.