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Notes
1 Bell and Mariscal, “Race, Ethnicity, and Ancestry in Juvenile Justice,” 119. Bell and Mariscal also note that “the trend in the United States has been to criminalize the very nature of adolescence in the name of social welfare, with youth of color bearing the brunt of what is actually social control,” 115.
2 Hinton, “Juvenile Injustice,” 218–249.
3 See Roberts, Torn Apart.
4 See Losen et al., Disabling Inequity.
5 See e.g., Robin, Arrested Futures; Robin Dahlberg, Massachusetts Citizens for Juvenile Justice CfJJ, ACLU 2012.
6 New York Civil Liberties Union of the ACLU 2019, 4–6.
7 The Presence of School Resource Officers (SROs) in America’s Schools.
8 See Gottfredson et al., “Effects of School Resource Officers on School Crime and Responses to School Crime.”
9 Ibid., 262–263.
10 Arango, “Schools Bring Police Back to Campuses, Reversing Racial Justice Decisions,” https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/27/us/school-police-resource-officers.html.
11 See e.g., The End of Policing by Alex Vitale.
12 Warren, ix.
13 Ibid., ix.
14 Warren, 16.
15 Ibid., 16.
16 Ibid., 16.
17 Ibid., 53.
18 Chapter 2 of Warren’s book examines nationalizing local struggles, 36–52.
19 Warren, 17.
20 Ibid., 13.
21 Ibid., 13.
22 Blitzman, “Shutting Down the School to Prison Pipeline,” 21.
23 Warren, 261.
24 Warren, 262.
25 Rothstein, The Color of Law. vii–xvii.
26 Edelman, “Justice for America’s Children,” xi–xvi.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Jay Blitzman
Jay Blitzman was a public defender for twenty years and is a retired Juvenile Court Judge. He consults on juvenile, child welfare and criminal justice issues and teaches at Harvard, Northeastern, and Boston College Schools of Law. He is also on the faculty of the Center for Law, Brain & Behavior (Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School).