Identifying the key atmospheric and economic drivers of global carbon monoxide emission transfers

Abstract

This paper proposes a structural decomposition analysis (SDA) augmented with cross-country atmospheric circulation and uncovers that changes in carbon monoxide (CO) levels are driven by atmospheric flows way more than by any of the traditional SDA components. Applied to a five-region model, our results show, among others, that South Korea has certainly been able to reduce the CO emissions in its own territory by 0.8Tg over 1990–2014 but up to 10.6Tg of CO flowing to its borders came from its upwind neighbor China. That amount was primarily driven by activities satisfying the growth of China's domestic demand, although changes in foreign demand and in the technology effect were not negligible. By quantifying the role of upwind countries in air pollution changes, our methodology allows us to identify more comprehensive global emission abatement policies than the consumer- or producer-focused approaches currently used.

KEYWORDS:

• Carbon emissions
• spillovers
• atmospheric flows
• global supply chain

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The economic data for input–output analysis come from the EORA database (https://worldmrio.com/) while inflation indices come from the World Input Output Database and from the World Economic Outlook dataset of the International Monetary Fund.

The air emission data come from the European Commission's Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (Janssens-Maenhout et al., 2015). The atmospheric fluxes are calculated through the GEOS-Chem model version 12.1.1. (https://github.com/geoschem/geos-chem).