Metaverse-based cardiac magnetic resonance imaging simulation application for overcoming claustrophobia: a preliminary feasibility trial

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is vital, but claustrophobia affects 10% of patients. The metaverse, an immersive virtual and augmented reality environment, has healthcare potential. We present a metaverse-based CMR simulation for claustrophobic patients. Methods: Three cardiomyopathy patients, initially CMR-refusing due to claustrophobia, received training via a virtual reality headset in a metaverse-based virtual hospital. Training efficacy was assessed through questionnaires and anxiety scales. Results: The patients successfully completed metaverse-based training, adapting to the CMR simulation. On CMR day, all entered the machine without issues and with reduced anxiety. Patients found the training useful, suggesting platform familiarization. Discussion: Our study demonstrates the metaverse’s potential in alleviating CMR-related claustrophobia. The immersive nature enhances patient preparation, although usability improvements are needed. Further research should compare this approach with alternatives.

Plain language summary

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a vital tool for diagnosing heart problems, but some patients cannot undergo it due to claustrophobia. To address this, researchers are exploring new methods like hypnosis and simulations. One emerging technology, the metaverse, a 3D virtual reality (VR) environment, is being tested in healthcare. This study created a metaverse-based simulation to help claustrophobic patients prepare for CMR.

Three patients with heart issues were given VR headsets to access a virtual hospital in the metaverse. Inside, they were trained for CMR step by step, experiencing the process and sounds realistically. Training was done 1 week, 3 days, and 1 day before the real CMR. Anxiety levels were measured.

All patients completed the virtual training without issues. During the first simulations, some could not complete entering the virtual CMR machine due to anxiety. However, by the final simulation, all succeeded. On CMR day, all completed the scan without problems, and their anxiety levels decreased significantly from the initial training.

Patients found the training helpful, but the platform's usability needed improvement. The study demonstrates that metaverse-based simulations can help patients overcome claustrophobia to successfully undergo CMR. This technology holds promise for simulating medical situations, easing patient fears, and improving preparation. However, further work is needed to make it user-friendly and accessible without assistance. This study encourages more research to assess the usefulness of the metaverse for broader patient groups, comparing it with other methods like hypnosis or sedation.

TWEETABLE ABSTRACT

Metaverse VR eases CMR claustrophobia! Tech innovation reduces anxiety and boosts scan success. Exciting clinical support tool. More research ahead! #HealthTech #Innovation

Article highlights

Metaverse-based cardiac magnetic resonance imaging simulation

• The study explored using a metaverse-based simulation to help claustrophobic patients with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Virtual reality headsets and a metaverse hospital were used to simulate the CMR process, aiming to assess its feasibility, efficacy, and usability.

Positive patient response

• Three patients with claustrophobia underwent metaverse-based CMR simulation before the actual exam.

• All patients completed simulations successfully, and on the exam day, they completed CMR without issues.

• Patients reported reduced anxiety, indicating the potential benefits of the approach.

Potential of metaverse technology

• The study demonstrates how metaverse simulations can alleviate anxiety and improve patient readiness for CMR scans.

• While the simulation shows promise, further refinement of user-friendliness is needed.

• The technology’s applicability across diverse patient groups compared with alternative methods warrants future investigation.

Keywords: :

• cardiomyopathy
• digital health
• metaverse
• MRI
• virtual reality

Financial disclosure

This investigator-initiated study has not received any financial support. AIMEDIS provided access to their metaverse platform, along with two pairs of Oculus Quest-2 VR headsets. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Competing interests disclosure

The authors have no competing interests or relevant affiliations with any organization or entity with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Writing disclosure

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Ethical conduct of research

Written informed consent has been obtained from the participants included in the study. Participants were informed through a detailed written consent form and in-person discussions about the study’s purpose, procedures, and the use of VR technology. Emphasis was placed on clarifying the simulated nature of the VR experience. Plain language, visual aids, and ongoing communication addressed questions and concerns. Participants were reminded of their right to withdraw, ensuring their informed and voluntary consent. Local ethical committee approval was obtained (SPE 16.211).