Mindfulness-based psychosocial interventions and psychological wellbeing in cancer survivorship: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Among cancer survivors, mindfulness-based interventions appear promising in decreasing distress for cancer patients, but little attention has been paid to the ultimate mindfulness goal of increasing psychological wellbeing. This meta-analysis aims to summarise and synthesise available evidence concerning the effectiveness of MBIs on positive psychological outcomes reflecting key aspects of psychological wellbeing in heterogeneous cancer patients. Methods: A literature search of mindfulness-based randomised clinical trials in cancer survivors was conducted across six electronic databases. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Meta-analyses were conducted using R; standardised mean difference (SMD) was used to determine intervention effect. Moderators examined included therapeutic orientation, control group type, treatment modality, treatment target, heterogeneous vs. homogeneous cancer type, and facet of wellbeing. Results: Thirty-one studies were included (N = 2651). Those who received mindfulness-based interventions reported significantly higher eudaimonic, hedonic, and social wellbeing than respondents in control groups (SMD = 0.599). Interventions were equally effective across therapeutic orientation, control group type, treatment modality and treatment target. There were trend level differences favouring homogeneous cancer diagnosis groups over heterogeneous diagnosis groups. Conclusion: MBIs provide an effective treatment for increasing psychological wellbeing in cancer survivors. This finding has important implications for clinical practice.

KEYWORDS:

• Cancer
• mindfulness
• well-being
• meta-analysis
• positive psychology
• survivorship

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Open Science Foundation at https://osf.io/w6cyh/?view_only = b640ebd39c5c42ea905eee0bf2866672.

Additional information

Funding

This project was supported in part by NIH grant CA246540 (SL) and the NIH T32 pre-doctoral training grant: T32GM108540 (SL). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the NIH.