Notes
1 See Joshua D. Zimmerman, Jozef Piłsudski: Founding Father of Modern Poland (Cambridge, 2022).
2 That is to say that Mannerheim later became a leader and defender of the independence of Finland.
3 C.G. Mannerheim, The Memoirs of Marshal Mannerheim, trans. Eric Lewenhaupt (New York, 1954), pp. 451–54.
4 See Warren Boroson, “Fascinating History of Finnish Jews During WW2,” The Jewish Standard, July 30, 2012, https://jewishstandard.timesofisrael.com/fascinating-history-of-finnish-jews-during-ww2/.