ABSTRACT
In this research article, we provide an extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function using the extended beta function. We have also investigated the new generalized Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function’s exciting characteristics, such as integral representations, differential equations, the Mellin transform and special generating relations. In order to support the main result, we have additionally considered several notable specific cases. Furthermore, we have discussed the solution of the fractional kinetic equation using the new extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function.
1. Introduction and preliminaries
In applied analysis and quantitative physics, special functions are crucial and play a significant role in applied analysis and mathematical physics. Special functions offer formulae for some differential equation solutions or some simple integral functions. One of the most significant members of the family of special functions is the classical beta function, also known as the first-order Euler integral. The study of beta functions constitutes the initial phase of creating the theory of special functions. Due to the numerous applications of these initial special functions in the fields of mathematics, physics, engineering and Lie theory, mathematicians and physicists devoted close attention to them. A fundamental special function, i.e. the classical beta function, plays an important part in many fields of science, including engineering, mathematics, physical science and statistics. Different kinds of special functions have evolved into essential tools for scientists and engineers in many fields of applied mathematics. Recently, many authors developed extensions to the Euler beta function, gamma function, Gauss hypergeometric function, confluent hypergeometric function, Hurwitz–Lerch zeta functions and many other functions (Garg et al., Citation2008; Khan et al., Citation2023, Citation2023; Khan et al., Citation2022; Lin & Srivastava, Citation2004; Nadeem et al., Citation2020). Inspired by the abovementioned work in this research article, we define a new generalization of Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function and discuss its properties. We have also discussed their one of the applications to find the solution of fractional kinetic equation using extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta functions.
In the whole paper represent the set of complex numbers, non-negative real numbers, positive integers and positive real numbers, respectively, and is the real part of complex number z.
An extended beta function is defined by Chaudhry et al. (Citation1997) as
where . In particular, if p = 0, we get .
Recently, a new extension of beta function was introduced by Khan and Husain (Citation2022) as
where , , ; ; and is the generalized Mittag–Leffler function defined as (Wiman, Citation1905)
We are familiar with the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function (Erdélyi, Citation1953; Srivastava & Choi, Citation2001, Citation2011) defined as
Many generalizations of the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta functions have been given by the researchers. For example, Goyal and Laddha (Citation1997) have introduced an extension of Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function defined as
Lin and Srivastava (Citation2004) also defined the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function as
Garg et al. (Citation2008) also introduced Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function as
Parmar et al (Parmar & Raina, Citation2014) defined an extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function involving beta function (Chaudhry et al., Citation1997) as
The integral representation of (Equation1.3(1.3) (1.3) ) is given by
Also, the integral representations of (Equation1.4(1.4) (1.4) ), (Equation1.5(1.5) (1.5) ), (Equation1.6(1.6) (1.6) ) and (Equation1.7(1.7) (1.7) ) are given by (Equation1.9(1.9) (1.9) ), (Equation1.10(1.10) (1.10) ), (Equation1.11(1.11) (1.11) ) and (Equation1.12(1.12) (1.12) ), respectively
where is the Fox–Wright function (Parmar & Raina, Citation2014).
and
where is the extended hypergeometric function (Chaudhry et al., Citation2004) defined by
Recently, Nadeem et al. (Citation2020) introduced Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function as
where beta and hypergeometric functions introduced by Choi et al. (Citation2014) are defined as
and
respectively.
Motivated and inspired by the above extensions and generalizations of Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function (Nadeem et al., Citation2020; Parmar & Raina, Citation2014; Raina & Chhajed, Citation2004; Srivastava & Choi, Citation2011), we now find a more generalized form of extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function involving the extended beta function introduced by Khan and Husain (Citation2022) and Khan et al. (Citation2022), and we also study some particular cases, various integral representations and derivative formulae, the Mellin transform and the generating relations. Additionally, we use the extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function to find the solution of fractional kinetic equation.
2. Generalization of Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function
Here, we introduce Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function in terms of extended beta function (Equation1.2(1.2) (1.2) ) as
2.1. Particular cases
Now, we discuss some well-known results obtained by putting the value of parameters in the generalized Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ) in the following remarks.
Remark 2.1.
Substituting and in (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ), we get Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function introduced by Lin and Srivastava (Citation2004):
Remark 2.2.
If and in (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ), we get a particular case of (Equation1.4(1.4) (1.4) ) (Goyal & Laddha, Citation1997) as
Remark 2.3.
If we set x = 1 and in (Equation2.2(2.2) (2.2) ), we get a special case of the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function as
Remark 2.4.
The Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ) has the following limiting case:
Remark 2.5.
Putting and in (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ) and (Equation2.3(2.3) (2.3) ), we get (Equation1.6(1.6) (1.6) ) and (Equation1.4(1.4) (1.4) ), respectively, as
and
3. Integral representation and derivative formula
In this section, we introduce the various integral representations and differential formula of the extended generalized Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ) as follows:
Theorem 3.1
The following integral representation of extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function holds true:
Proof.
We have (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) )
The identity below is obeyed by the Eulerian integral of the gamma function (see (Srivastava & Choi, Citation2011))
when the order of summation and integration are exchanged in (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ) by using (Equation3.2(3.2) (3.2) ), we obtain
Using (Equation1.15(1.15) (1.15) ) and (Equation1.16(1.16) (1.16) ), we obtain the desired result (Equation3.1(3.1) (3.1) ).
Theorem 3.2
If , then the following integral representation holds true:
Proof.
The integral representation of generalized beta function (Khan & Husain, Citation2022)
on putting and in (Equation3.4(3.4) (3.4) ), we have
from (Equation3.5(3.5) (3.5) ) and (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ), we get
Now, in view of (Equation1.4(1.4) (1.4) ) in (Equation3.6(3.6) (3.6) ), we get the desired result (Equation3.3(3.3) (3.3) ).
Theorem 3.3
For , the following integral representation holds true
where is defined by (Equation2.5(2.5) (2.5) ).
Proof.
The definition of the integral form of the Pochhammer symbol (Srivastava & Choi, Citation2001) is
using (Equation3.8(3.8) (3.8) ) in (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ) and interchanging the order of summation and integration under the given condition in (Equation3.7(3.7) (3.7) ), we get
Now, with the help of (Equation2.5(2.5) (2.5) ) in (Equation3.9(3.9) (3.9) ), we get (Equation3.7(3.7) (3.7) ).
Theorem 3.4
For any positive integer m, the extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function has the following differential formula:
Proof.
The differentiation of (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ) is
by changing m by m +1 in (Equation3.11(3.11) (3.11) ) and applying the identity
we get
Now, the procedure of recursive application provides the desired result (Equation3.10(3.10) (3.10) ).
4. Mellin transform and some generating relations
In this section, we deal with the Mellin transform and some generating relations of extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function.
An appropriate integrable function f(b) with index Ψ has the following definition for its Mellin transform:
Theorem 4.1
The Mellin transformation of the function is defined as
Proof.
In view of (Equation4.1(4.1) (4.1) ), the Mellin transformation of (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ) is given by
Interchanging the order of integration in (Equation4.3(4.3) (4.3) ), we have
The second part of (Equation4.4(4.4) (4.4) )
and recall
Putting and ω = 1 in (Equation4.6(4.6) (4.6) ), we get
therefore, by (Equation4.5(4.5) (4.5) )
Also,
Using (Equation4.4(4.4) (4.4) ), (Equation4.8(4.8) (4.8) ), (Equation4.9(4.9) (4.9) ) and (Equation1.4(1.4) (1.4) ), we get the required result (Equation4.2(4.2) (4.2) ).
Theorem 4.2
The Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function has the following generating relation:
Proof.
In LHS of (Equation4.10(4.10) (4.10) ), using (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ), we get
With the identity and interchanging the order of summations in (Equation4.11(4.11) (4.11) ), we have
We know
Now, using (Equation4.13(4.13) (4.13) ) in (Equation4.12(4.12) (4.12) ), we get the desired result (Equation4.10(4.10) (4.10) ).
Theorem 4.3
The Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function holds the following generating relation:
Proof.
In RHS of (Equation4.14(4.14) (4.14) ), applying (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ), we get
Using (Equation4.13(4.13) (4.13) ) in (Equation4.15(4.15) (4.15) ) and then applying (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ), we get the desired result (Equation4.14(4.14) (4.14) ).
5. Fractional kinetic equation
The Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ) is used to discuss the fractional kinetic equation (FKE). The non-stationary problem (Hohenberg & Halperin, Citation1977), turbulent flow (Novikov, Citation1994), diffusion (Mainardi, Citation1994) and kinetics (Gelfand & Shilov, Citation1964) are the various field in which the solution of FKE is used. The relationship given by Haubold and Mathai (Citation2000) is defined as
where reaction rate is denoted by , is the destruction rate, is the rate of production and signifies the function defined by .
We reach a specific case of (Equation5.1(5.1) (5.1) ) under homogeneties where the quantity as (Haubold & Mathai, Citation2000; Kourganoff, Citation1973):
where is the initial condition, representing the number of density of species i at time . If the index i is not included in the integration of both sides of (Equation5.2(5.2) (5.2) ), we obtain
where the standard fractional integral operator is denoted by .
Also, Haubold and Mathai (Citation2000) investigated a fractional generalization of standard kinetic (Equation5.2(5.2) (5.2) ) as follows:
where the well-known Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator is defined as
and the solution of (Equation5.5(5.5) (5.5) ) is
(Haubold & Mathai, Citation2000) obtained fractional kinetic equation as
where the given species, is the number of density at time , is the number of density of that species at time , c is the constant and .
Applying the Laplace transform to (Equation5.7(5.7) (5.7) ),
We now move on to consider our new extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function (Equation2.1(2.1) (2.1) ) in order to derive the solution of the generalized fractional kinetic equations.
Theorem 5.1
If d > 0, ω > 0 and , c > 0, the solution of the equation is
is obtained by the following relation:
where is defined as
Proof.
The Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator has the following Laplace transform:
From (Equation5.10(5.10) (5.10) ), we have
Applying the inverse Laplace transform into (Equation5.13(5.13) (5.13) ), we obtain
which is the required result.
6. Conclusion
The results obtained in this manuscript are connected with the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function that will be used to solve a variety of problems of fractional kinetic equations, integral transforms, integral representation and generating relations. The fraction kinetic equations in various forms have been broadly and usefully employed when describing and solving several important problems in physics and astrophysics. Recently, fractional kinetic equations associated with some special functions have proven themselves to be useful tools for applications in many fields of research. Because of the effectiveness and great importance of the fractional kinetic equation in certain astrophysical problems, the authors develop a fractional kinetic equation along with the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function.
It is worth stressing that the generalized Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function obtained and the results computed are amenable to further generalization and investigation. We have attempted to exploit the close connection of the generalized Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function with several important special functions and compute certain integral representations, limiting form and differential formulae, the Mellin transforms and generating relation. Therefore, the investigated results in this paper would at once give many results involving special functions occurring in the problem of astrophysics, mathematical physics, and engineering.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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